Precious Stones are a type of gemstone, which are mineral crystals that are used for making Jewellery. They are often cut in a way that makes them look interesting, and they are polished to give them a shine. The exact definition of what gemstones are and aren’t precious stones varies, though there are five types of gemstones known as the Cardinal gems which are considered the most precious, these are rubies, diamonds, sapphires, emeralds and amethysts, though there are some other stones that are sometimes considered precious stones such as pearls or opals. The generally accepted definition of a precious stone is a gemstone that is considered very valuable.
A rough diamond is cut in a certain shape, the brilliant cut being just one of these shapes. So it is only after cutting that the diamond gets its unique sparkle and brilliance. A diamond is thus the rough stone, and brilliant indicates the typical round cut with 58 facets.
Emeralds, like all colored gemstones, are graded using four basic parameters–the four Cs of connoisseurship: color, clarity, cut and carat weight. Normally, in the grading of colored gemstones, color is by far the most important criterion. However, in the grading of emeralds, clarity is considered a close second. A fine emerald must possess not only a pure verdant green hue as described below, but also a high degree of transparency to be considered a top gemstone.
The Yellow Sapphire is a gem of the corundum family and is a twin of ruby and blue sapphire. It is available in yellow, golden and orange colours. The highest quality is known to be of lemon-yellow colour. The colour in yellow sapphire is of iron and titanium.
Cat’s-eye Diamonds, any of several gemstones that, when cut en cabochon (in convex form, highly polished), display a luminous band reminiscent of the eye of a cat; this particular quality is termed chatoyancy.
Blue Sapphire is a precious gemstone, formed from a mineral called corundum. Blue sapphires get their colour from titanium and iron trace elements. On the Mohs scale of mineral hardness, blue sapphire rates 9 out of 10, so it is a very durable gem. The word ‘sapphire’ comes from the Greek word sapphirus which means blue.
Hessonite garnet is a gem-quality variety of grossular (grossularite) garnet, the calcium-aluminum silicate member of the garnet family. Most grossularite is green, but hessonite is well-known for honey-yellow to brownish-red hues.
Ruby is distinguished for its bright red color, being the most famed and fabled red gemstone. Beside for its bright color, it is a most desirable gem due to its hardness, durability, luster, and rarity. Transparent rubies of large sizes are even rarer than Diamonds.
The most valuable and precious is red color of coral stone. Other than red coral, is known to have many shades of pink, orange, peach. In many places red coral should be doubted, but reality must be suspected. Main reason for this are very rare of red corals. Most coral is harvested from the western Mediterranean Sea, especially in Sardinia. Notable deposits are found in the Red Sea, Bay of Biscay, Malaysian Archipelago, Midway Islands, Japan, Taiwan, Australia and the Hawaiian Islands.
The best-loved gems of all time, pearls—natural and cultured—occur in a wide variety of colors. Perfect shining spheres. Lustrous baroque forms. Seductive strands, warm to the touch. Pearls are simply and purely organic. Pearl concretion formed by a mollusk consisting of the same material (called nacre or mother-of-pearl) as the mollusk’s shell. It is a highly valued gemstone. Pearls are often strung into a necklace after a small hole is drilled by hand-driven or electric tools through the centre of each pearl.
